In the world of health and wellness, few compounds have drawn as much attention as tauroursodeoxycholic acid, better known as TUDCA, has. Originally derived from bear bile and used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, TUDCA is now synthetically produced and studied for its wide-ranging health benefits. Modern science is uncovering the compound’s remarkable potential—especially in supporting digestive health, liver function, and even brain health.

But what exactly makes TUDCA so versatile? Because TUDCA is derived from bile acids, it not only plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins but has also shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and thus cell-protective effects. Let’s explore how this little-known supplement is making big waves across multiple systems of the body.

More Than Just a Bile Acid

TUDCA’s most foundational role begins in the gut. Bile acids are essential for breaking down dietary fats and ensuring proper absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K. TUDCA enhances bile flow and improves the solubility of cholesterol, which augments one’s ability to digest and absorb fat and fat-soluble vitamins and reduces the risk of gallstones.[1]

However, its benefits don’t stop there. Recent studies suggest that TUDCA helps protect the gut lining by increasing intestinal mucous production, reducing inflammation, preventing intestinal cell death, and increasing the production of proteins that sustain intestinal tight junctions. This is particularly important for individuals dealing with gastrointestinal issues such as leaky gut syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.[2] Moreover, TUDCA positively influences the gut microbiome, helping to maintain a healthy balance of beneficial bacteria. A stable microbiome has been linked to improved digestion, immune function, and even mood regulation, suggesting that TUDCA may contribute to overall wellness through gut-brain signaling.[3]

A Natural Detoxifier

Given its origins as a bile salt, it’s no surprise that TUDCA plays a central role in liver health. As it enhances bile flow, it reduces bile acid toxicity within liver cells—a crucial benefit for those with cholestatic liver diseases, where bile becomes trapped in the liver and causes cellular damage. Clinical trials have shown that TUDCA supplementation can reduce levels of liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, indicators of inflammation and liver stress.[4] In animal models of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), TUDCA supplementation has been observed to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fat absorption, and decrease fat accumulation in the liver.[5]

What makes TUDCA especially intriguing is its cytoprotective (cell-protecting) action. It reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition associated with liver-disease progression and metabolic disorders. By easing ER stress, TUDCA may not only halt liver damage but also support tissue regeneration, offering hope for long-term liver-health management.[6]

A Neuroprotective Secret

One of the most exciting discoveries about TUDCA in recent years is its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier—the body’s protective shield for the central nervous system. Once in the brain, TUDCA exhibits neuroprotective properties that could have profound implications for those at risk of neurodegenerative disorders.

Animal studies and preliminary human trials suggest that TUDCA can prevent neuronal apoptosis (cell death), reduce oxidative stress, and stabilize the function of neurotransmitter producing endoplasmic reticulum—key mechanisms implicated in diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.[7]

What connects all of these benefits is TUDCA’s role in cellular health. Whether it’s gut epithelial cells, liver hepatocytes, or neurons, TUDCA helps stabilize the internal environment, reduce toxic buildup, and support overall resilience of tissues under stress.

One Compound, Multiple Systems

There is a growing body of research on TUDCA and its interconnected impact on systems that are deeply linked: the gut, liver, and brain. We now understand that gut health influences liver detoxification, and both play key roles in cognitive health through what’s known as the gut–liver–brain axis. TUDCA, as a compound with effects across all three, may be a vital player in supporting holistic wellness.

That said, while TUDCA is generally well-tolerated and available as a supplement, it’s important to consult with a health-care practitioner before starting it, especially for those with preexisting liver or neurological conditions. Dosage, duration, and formulation can all affect efficacy and safety.

A Promising Frontier in Functional Medicine

As research continues, TUDCA is emerging not just as a digestive aid, but as a potent multisystem protector. With its roots in ancient medicine and its relevance firmly grounded in modern science, this bile-acid derivative holds promise for addressing some of today’s most pressing health concerns such as metabolic disorders or cognitive decline.

In the evolving landscape of functional medicine, TUDCA may well become a cornerstone supplement for those looking to support their body from the inside out—one system at a time.

Common signs of bile-acid deficiency

• Bloating after fatty meals
• Floating or pale stools
• Gas or indigestion
• Dry skin or brittle hair
• Fatigue or brain fog
• Trouble absorbing vitamins A, D, E, or K

Bile-loving foods

• Beets aid liver detox and gallbladder function
• Artichokes support bile production
• Dandelion greens stimulate bile flow
• Lemon water promotes hydration and gentle liver cleansing
• Healthy fats (like olive oil, MCT, avocado) stimulate bile release

Possible symptoms of sluggish bile flow

• Nausea after eating
• Constipation or sticky stools
• Skin itching (especially without rash)
• Upper-right abdominal discomfort
• Hormonal imbalance
• Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies

Dr. Colleen Hartwick, ND

Dr. Colleen Hartwick is a licensed naturopathic physician practising on North Vancouver Island, BC, with a special interest in trauma as it plays a role in disease.

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